The three rules

Every industry has had outliers that deliver superior performance over the long run, despite facing the same constraints as competitors. Drawing on Deloitte's insights of almost 25,000 companies spanning 45 years, the authors identified 394 companies that are true long-term standouts in every kind of industry--medical devices, trucking, semiconductors, even discount stores. In collaboration with teams of researchers, Raynor and Ahmed then put a carefully chosen representative sample of twenty-seven companies under the microscope to uncover what made the stand-out performers different. They…